the famous Encyclopédie in mid-18th century France. We show that subscriber density is a strong predictor of city growth … after the onset of French industrialization. Alternative measures of development such as soldier height, disposable income …

Classic Big Push industrialization envisions state planners coordinating economic activity to internalize a range of …

The research explores the effect of industrialization on human capital formation. Exploiting exogenous regional … variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study establishes that, in contrast to conventional wisdom that … views early industrialization as a predominantly deskilling process, the industrial revolution was conducive for human …

Industrialization experiences differ substantially across countries. We use a benchmark model of structural change to … countries can generate variation in industrialization experiences similar to those found in the data, including premature …

industrialization. The empirical evidence indicates that middle-class women in France were extensively engaged in entrepreneurship and …

We construct company panel datasets for manufacturing firms in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK, covering the period …

of the lender (the Bank) as compared to those of the borrowers (the countries) must be clear. Second, the extent of the …