Efforts to strengthen the global patent system for pharmaceuticals continue to be controversial, and what will likely … be a similarly fraught international debate over price controls has begun. The outcome of international negotiations and … seven years after those in another. Both price regulation and intellectual property rights influence these outcomes. The …

This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries … duration and content of patent and price control regimes. Price regulation strongly delays launch, while longer and more … extensive patent protection accelerates it. Health policy institutions, and economic and demographic factors that make markets …

their best (lowest) price in some cases, a percentage below average price in others. Many theoretical models have shown that … product's characteristics match the incentives in the law. I find that after the MFC rule was implemented the average price of … branded products facing generic competition rose - the median presentation's price rose about 4%. Brands protected by patents …

This paper describes three prototypical systems of therapeutic reference pricing (RP) for pharmaceuticals -- Germany …, manufacturer prices and out-of-pocket surcharges to patients. RP for pharmaceuticals is not simply analogous to a defined … contribution approach to subsidizing insurance coverage. Although a major purpose of RP is to stimulate competition, theory …

This study examines the effect of price regulation and competition on launch timing and pricing of new drugs. Our data … price regulation reduces drug prices, it contributes to launch delay in the home country. New drug launch hazards and launch … prices in low-price countries are also affected by referencing by other, high-price countries, especially within the EU, as …

today's developing world. Through a simple general equilibrium model, we show that a price squeeze on peasants increases …

but the signaling effect of price is far from complete, especially for non-innovator brands. The look of the pharmacy, as … are likely to suspect low quality from market price, non-innovator brand and the look of the pharmacy, but none of these …

roughly doubled. The price response to generic entry of brand-name products has been a source of controversy. In this paper we … estimate models of price responses to generic entry in the market for brand-name and generic drugs. We study a sample of 32 … drugs that lost patent protection during the early to mid-1980s. Our results provide strong evidence that brand-name prices …