system (GIS) mapping, the paper presents evidence that production technology in the tropics has lagged behind temperate zone … technology in the two critical areas of agriculture and health, and this in turn opened a substantial income gap between climate … and weak agricultural technology in the tropics have combined to slow the demographic transition from high fertility and …

We survey research on the relationship between technology and trade. We begin with the old literature, which treated … the state of technology as exogenous and asked how changes in technology affect the trade pattern and welfare. Recent … research and development. This allows one to examine not only how technology affects trade, but also how trade affects the …

change in structure. This paper seeks to fill the gap by study- ing the impact of domestic technology, foreign technology and … for 24 manufacturing industries. Holding time and industry effects constant we find that in most cases technology has the … technology constant we find mixed results for trade. Effects of trade on real wages are generally insignificant once time effects …

- as a response to occasional major changes in technology. When such a change occurs, leading nations may have no incentive …

differences defined by technology. In the aggregate time series relative unemployment is defined by educational unemployment … hiring and training response is quicker than the wage response. We also observe in time series that the pace of technology … technology, maturing of the workforce, and growth of international trade reduce unemployment in the longer run. The same …

creation of formal technology licensing offices at universities. Up until approximately the mid-1980s, university patents were …

these shortcomings by focusing on technological learning-by-doing: the notion that it takes workers time using a technology …

that Japan is not spending much on basic technology development cannot be empirically substantiated from the study of the … technology.The second part of the paper is to show how two countries, one with heavy R&D activities in basic technology (the U ….S.A.)and the other with heavy R&D activities in applied technology(Japan), can compete in the world market with their productivity …