gaps for materials and electricity are not. The timing of the two separate increases in firing costs and the sharpest …

Effective dispute resolution is important for reducing private and social costs. We study how resolution responds to … social costs …

choices are affected by such frictions face higher borrowing costs than firms with ready access to capital markets. As a … costs across firms, which we measure--for a subset of U.S. manufacturing firms--directly from the interest rate spreads on … their outstanding publicly-traded debt. Given the observed dispersion in borrowing costs, our approximation method implies a …

these facts in light of several prominent theories of development such as entry costs and misallocation. We then quantify … the sectoral and aggregate impact of entry costs and misallocation in an otherwise standard two-sector model with …

We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-national border barriers and intra-regional trade costs … is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial trade costs. Contiguity between provinces … accounts for little. Intra-regional trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and trade flows, and alters …

using standard models. The welfare costs associated with an inefficient allocation of resources over the business cycle can …