We propose a new measure of the economic importance of each innovation. Our measure uses newly collected data on … patent- level estimates of private economic value are positively related to the scientific value of these patents, as … measured by the number of citations that the patent receives in the future. Our new measure is associated with substantial …

received over their careers, we highlight the impact of early U.S. patent institutions in providing broad access to economic … procedures for application, the United States deliberately created a patent system that allowed a much wider range, in … patent institutions. Moreover, by requiring that applications be examined for novelty by technical experts, and by enforcing …

creation of formal technology licensing offices at universities. Up until approximately the mid-1980s, university patents were …

We estimate the effects of technology investments on the demand for skilled workers using longitudinally integrated … unobservable components within each business for each year from 1992 to 1997. We measure technology using variables from the Annual … between advanced technology and skill in a cross-sectional analysis of businesses in both sectors. The more comprehensive …

Will fast growing emerging economies sustain rapid growth rates until they "catch-up" to the technology frontier? Are … frontier? This paper models agents growing as a result of investments in innovation and imitation. Imitation facilitates … technology diffusion, with the productivity of imitation modeled by a catch-up function that increases with distance to the …

During the Industrial Revolution technological progress and innovation became the main drivers of economic growth. But … innovations. Over 40 percent of the sample here never took out a patent. Third, skilled workmen in Britain often published their …

A defiining feature of modern economic growth is the systematic application of science to advance technology. However … major changes in the American innovation ecosystem over the past century. The past three decades have been marked by a … firms and university technology transfer offices cannot fully substitute for corporate research, which had integrated …

innovation is not the same innovation freely available but the unchanged generic technology. Growth is concentrated in any …The basic competitive model with freely available technology is suited for static industries but misleading as applied … investment. We distinguish free generic technology from proprietary technologies resulting from risky investment with uncertain …

these shortcomings by focusing on technological learning-by-doing: the notion that it takes workers time using a technology …

We introduce a tractable model of endogenous growth in which the returns to innovation are determined by the technology … adoption decisions of the users of new technologies. Technology adoption involves an implementation investment that determines … the initial productivity of a new technology. After implementation, learning increases the productivity of a technology to …