century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at …

, partly in response to policies. Our results suggest that more segregated countries in terms of ethnicity and language, i …

by establishing trade policies that promoted trade within empires. In particular, the use of a common language, the …

. Language acquisition is an important element in immigrant/native earnings convergence, but most of this convergence is … explained by factors other than language acquisition. These results are confirmed using panel data on wages and knowledge of … with past evidence on language-skill complementarity. Natives and immigrants with high levels of education benefit …

translation-related search costs. Our results provide causal evidence that language barriers significantly hinder trade and that …

students' scores on a language skills test administered after 16 months. The estimates are sufficiently precise to rule out …

any, differentiate teachers with high impact on student achievement in middle school English Language Arts from those with …

comment on the strengths and weaknesses of each language …