This paper studies the effects of the USPTO's patent secrecy program in World War II, under which over 11,000 U ….S. patent applications were issued secrecy orders which halted examination and prohibited inventors from disclosing their … compulsory invention secrecy reduced follow-on invention and restricted commercialization, but as part of the security policies …

success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …

We analyze the impact of accession to the regional patent system established by the European Patent Convention (EPC) on … applicants at the national patent offices and the European Patent Office (EPO). Our findings suggest a strong change in patent … filing behavior among foreigners seeking patent protection in the accession states, substituting EPO patents for domestic …

patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …

when patent examiners are more lenient, and for applicants with licensing-based business models. Claims of SEPs also become …

, such as intellectual human capital, can predict where and when biotechnology enterprises emerge and agglomerate. Density … more conjectural than empirically tenable. We argue and demonstrate for biotechnology that an alternative model based on … essentially uncorrelated with the panel data on biotechnology entry by year and region while the combined model has correlation …

In this paper, we examine the determinants of control rights in technology strategic alliances between biotechnology … firms and pharmaceutical corporations, as well as with other biotechnology firms. We undertake three clinical studies and an …

.S. biotechnology enterprises during 1976-1989. Using a linked cross-section/time- series panel data set, we find that the timing and … structures. We believe biotechnology may be prototypical of the birth patterns in other innovative industries …