factor prices and on environmental outcomes. We model an output subsidy, a capital subsidy, relief from environmental … regulation, and a direct cash subsidy. In exchange for receiving subsidies, firms must agree to a minimum level of labor … employment. Each type of subsidy and the employment constraint create both output effects and substitution effects on input …

to environmentally sensitive industries increases output and pollution emissions. We examine the environmental effects of … productive use, the economy wide marginal product of emissions falls with an increase in any subsidy, tending to decrease … pollution emissions if resources are moved to an industry for which emissions intensity is high enough to overcome the reduction …

Despite increasing calls for reform many countries continue to provide subsidies for gasoline and diesel. This paper …

's forthcoming TPS for achieving CO₂ emissions reductions from the power sector.We find that the TPS's implicit subsidy to … subsidy disadvantages the TPS relative to C&T by causing power plants to make less efficient use of output-reduction as a way …

Freddie Mac as government sponsored enterprises (GSEs). The options considered include GSE reform, a range of possible new … led to their failure in conjunction with the recent mortgage market crisis. The reform options we consider include those …

of people who would have been eligible under pre-recession subsidy rules. The non-elderly parts of the safety net have …