This paper discusses the fundamental underpinnings and some implications of transaction cost regulation (TCR), a …. TCR sees regulation as the governance structure of these interactions, and thus, as in standard transaction cost economics … possible institutional alternative. In that sense, politics becomes fundamental to understanding regulation as the governance …

Regulation and the negligence rule are both designed to obtain compliance with desired standards of behavior, but they … differ in a primary respect: compliance with regulation is ordinarily assessed independently of the occurrence of harm … use of the negligence rule is triggered by harm, the rule enjoys an intrinsic enforcement cost advantage over regulation …

In France, firms with 50 employees or more face substantially more regulation than firms with less than 50. As a result … regulation as the combination of a sunk cost that must be paid the first time the firm reaches 50 employees, and a payroll tax … indirect inference by fitting the discontinuity of the size distribution. The key finding is that the regulation is equivalent …

We develop a dynamic game to explore the interaction between regulation and private policies, such as self-regulation … by firms and activism. Without a public regulator, the possibility of self-regulation is bad for the firm, but good for … activists who are willing to maintain a costly boycott to raise the likelihood of self-regulation. Results are reversed when the …

. Regulation, tax, and Coasean exchange, such as through cap-and-trade regimes, are presented as substitutes, based on the relative … for the costs of political bargaining and lobbying that arise from implementing and administering government regulation …

the sum of consumer and producer surplus) in the presence of incomplete regulation (leakage) or market power by analyzing … regulation, I show that under certain conditions an intensity standard can yield higher welfare than any emissions tax (including … relies more on substitution effects than output effects to reduce emissions. With incomplete regulation or market power, this …

firms are more likely to anger consumers. Regulation can increase welfare, for example, through fines (even if there are no … changes in prices). We illustrate these gains in a monopoly setting, where regulation affects welfare through 3 channels (i) a …); (ii) regulation calms down existing consumers because a reduction in the profits of an "unkind" firm increases total …