distance, and significantly contribute to the higher shipping prices facing the developing world. Markups increase shipping …

the precipitous decline in nominal freight rates before the World War I, but it also extends the series to the 1940s …. Furthermore, our new series is linked to the post-World War II era (documented by David Hummels), so that we can be more precise …

with volatility …

a GARCH process for conditional volatility. Under such heteroskedasticity, OLS estimators or parameters in single …

Most affine models of the term structure with stochastic volatility (SV) predict that the variance of the short rate is …;unspanned stochastic volatility (USV).quot; Of the models tested, only the A1(4) USV model is found to generate both realistic volatility … estimates and a good cross-sectional fit. Our findings suggests that interest rate volatility cannot be extracted from the cross …

It appears that volatility in equity markets is asymmetric: returns and conditional volatility are negatively … correlated. We provide a unified framework to simultaneously investigate asymmetric volatility at the firm and the market level … empirical evidence on asymmetry to Japanese stocks. Although volatility asymmetry is present and significant at the market and …

assessments of market risk. Clearly, the demands of real-world risk management in financial institutions -- in particular, real …