In this paper, we illustrate a methodology to measure discrimination in educational contexts. In India, we ran an exam … assigned child "characteristics" (age, gender, and caste) to the cover sheets of the exams to ensure that there is no …

and test scores among all children, eliminates the 21 percentage point gender disparity in enrollment, and dramatically …

each GPA level, we find that gender differences in post-secondary expectations, controlling for school ability, and as …

developing countries, but there is surprisingly little evidence on the effectiveness of such a policy. We study gender gaps in …-grade and student gender by grade fixed effects, we find that both male and female teachers are more effective at teaching … students of their own gender; (3) However, female teachers are more effective overall, resulting in girls' test scores …

We study the impact of an innovative program in the Indian state of Bihar that aimed to reduce the gender gap in … increased girls' age-appropriate enrollment in secondary school by 30% and also reduced the gender gap in age …

favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe … heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We …