In this paper, I combine data on incidents associated with rail transportation of crude oil and detailed data on rail … shipments to appraise the relation between increased use of rail to transport crude oil and the risk of safety incidents … incidents, and a positive relation between increased rail shipments of crude oil and the occurrence of minor incidents. I also …

responsible for 33 percent of world-wide trade-related emissions, and over 75 percent of emissions for major manufacturing … production emissions per dollar of exports are 16 percent below the world average, but once we include transport US emissions per … dollar exported are 59 percent above the world average. We use our data to systematically investigate whether trade inclusive …

shipping time, those effects are indeed magnified as the probability of default increases as time passes. Some exporters also …

A number of economic studies have used a proxy for world real economic activity derived from shipping costs. This … with world output, and ability to predict commodity prices. I conclude that measures derived from world industrial …

The standard source for pre-WWII global freight rate trends is the Isserlis British tramp shipping index. We think it … the precipitous decline in nominal freight rates before the World War I, but it also extends the series to the 1940s …. Furthermore, our new series is linked to the post-World War II era (documented by David Hummels), so that we can be more precise …