innovation—in the sense that research can be directed to either clean or dirty technologies. If dirty technologies are more … technologies. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may nonetheless encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though …

a discussion of sources of environmental innovation. Given that most innovation is concentrated in a few rich countries …

literature on environmental innovation and diffusion, with a focus on studies relevant to the development of clean energy …

technologies which reduce the cost of pollution abatement. The innovating firm can patent this innovation and use a licensing fee … to generate revenue. In a world of certainty, the first best level of innovation and abatement can be supported by either … a pollution tax or a marketable permit. However, the returns to the innovator from innovation are not the same under the …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …