A patent only protects an innovator from others producing the same product, but it does not protect him from others … within-patent competition, which results from production of the same product, and betweenpatent competition, which results … effects of intellectual property regulations on within -patent competition by showing how protecting innovative returns from …

success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation …

We examine the relationship between patent protection for pharmaceuticals and investment in development of new drugs …. Patent protection has increased around the world as a consequence of the TRIPS Agreement, which specifies minimum levels of … pharmaceutical research efforts, and so greater patent protection in developing and least-developed countries might result in greater …

of the developing world introduces patent protection for new drug products. This may lead to more research on drugs to … those already offering such protection the situation offers a unique opportunity to examine the incentive role of patent … provides a baseline' against which future research activity can be compared once the new global patent regime is fully …

Research on the effects of patent protection on innovation and technology transfer in the cross-country pharmaceutical … not stimulate domestic innovation, as estimated by the US patent awards (both raw counts and citation-weighted) and … flourish. Second, national patent law implementation demonstrates conditional importance for innovation acceleration and …

questions. The economy consists of many industries and firms engaged in cumulative (step-by-step) innovation. IPR policy … past innovations. With full patent protection, followers can catch up to the leader in their industry either by making the … same innovation(s) themselves or by making some pre-specified payments to the technological leaders. We prove the existence …

of decline across cancer sites. I analyze the effect that pharmaceutical innovation had on premature cancer mortality in … Canada during the period 2000-2011, by investigating whether the cancer sites that experienced more pharmaceutical innovation … that pharmaceutical innovation during the period 1985-1996 reduced the number of years of potential life lost to cancer …

This paper provides evidence that risk aversion leads pharmaceutical firms to underinvest in radical innovation. We …

We perform an econometric investigation of the contribution of pharmaceutical innovation to mortality reduction and … pharmaceutical innovation, there would have been no increase and perhaps even a small decrease in mean age at death, and that new … drugs have increased life expectancy, and lifetime income, by about 0.75-1.0% per annum. The drug innovation measures are …

's fairs between 1851 and 1915. Exhibition data show that the industry where an innovation is made is the single most important … patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …