shifted towards courses that offered skills, such as telework, likely to be immediately valuable during the pandemic … workers increased enrollments in courses related to new skills, such as general, occupation-specific, and computer …-related skills. Using national administrative employment data, we provide suggestive evidence that these investments in skills in …

migrants and returnees. We construct measures of selection across skill groups and estimate the average and the skills … with migrants' skills and drives the positive selection of returnees. Based on the rationality of these migration decisions …, a model of education, migration and return predicts positive long-run effects of increased migration for average skills …

analytical and critical skills ("modern" teaching) has a very large positive payoff, evidenced in improvement of test scores …

using the Hanushek-Woessmann (2009) cognitive skills measure. We find strong support for the "Magnet Hypothesis" under the … for differences in returns to skills in source and host countries. We also find a significant differences across host …-country policy regimes in the effects of returns to skills on the skill mix of immigrants …