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The Unofficial Economy and Economic Development
La Porta, Rafael - 2010
In developing countries, informal firms (those that are not registered with the government) account for about half of all economic activity. We consider three broad views of the role of such firms in economic development. According to the romantic view, these firms would become the engine of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013138466
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The Unofficial Economy in Africa
La Porta, Rafael - 2011
We examine the productivity of informal firms (those that are not registered with the government) in 24 African countries using field work and World Bank firm level data. We find that productivity jumps sharply if we compare small formal firms to informal firms, and rises rapidly with the size...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013129131
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The Informal Sector
Paula, Áureo de - 2007
This paper investigates the determinants of informal economic activity. We present two equilibrium models of informality and test their implications using a survey of 48,000+ small firms in Brazil. We define informality as tax avoidance; firms in the informal sector avoid tax payments but suffer...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012775833
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Entry and Exit of Informal Firms and Development
McCaig, Brian; Pavcnik, Nina - 2023
Non-farm informal businesses comprise the majority of the firm distribution in developing countries. We document novel stylized facts about entry and exit of informal, non-farm firms using nationally representative panel data over 15 years and across regions with varying levels of local economic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014259546
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War in Iraq Versus Containment
Davis, Steven J.; Murphy, Kevin M.; Topel, Robert H. - 2021
We consider three questions related to the choice between war in Iraq and a continuation of the pre-war containment ….According to our analysis, pre-invasion views about the likely course of the Iraq intervention imply present value costs for the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013219222
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The Economic Costs of the Iraq War : An Appraisal Three Years after the Beginning of the Conflict
Bilmes, Linda; Stiglitz, Joseph E. - 2021
This paper attempts to provide a more complete reckoning of the costs of the Iraq War, using standard economic and … accounting/ budgetary frameworks. As of December 30, 2005, total spending for combat and support operations in Iraq is $251bn … by 2010, we believe the true costs exceed a trillion dollars. Using the CBO's projection of maintaining troops in Iraq …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013224204
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Effects of Work-Related Absences on Families : Evidence from the Gulf War
Angrist, Joshua D.; Johnson, John H. - 2021
Labor economists and policy makers have long been interested in work-family interactions. Work generates income but also reduces the time families have to spend together. Many soldiers who were mobilized for Gulf War service were away from home for an extended period of time, so Gulf War...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013235604
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A Review of War Costs in Iraq and Afghanistan
Edwards, Ryan D. - 2010
As of this writing, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are in their eighth and tenth years, having accrued nearly a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013141284
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The Effect of Civilian Casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq
Condra, Luke N. - 2010
segments of the population through a range of mechanisms. We study the effects of civilian casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan …, information, and capacity mechanisms. Critically, we find no evidence of a similar reaction to civilian casualties in Iraq …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013141349
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The Institutions of Monetary Policy
King, Mervyn - 2011
Brazil and the United Kingdom; currency arrangements in Iraq and their reform after the 2003 war; and the relationship …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013124259