We study the causal impact of patent invalidation on subsequent innovation and exit by the patent holder. The analysis … is based on patent litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of … judges to control for endogeneity of the judicial decision. Invalidation causes the patent holder to reduce subsequent …

. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …. The data set comprises a sample of patents, as well as exhibits and prizes at annual industrial fairs in Massachusetts …

The paper seeks to understand the impact of the patent system on innovation by examining shifts in the strength of … patent protection across sixty countries and a 150-year period. An examination of 177 policy changes reveals that … strengthening patent protection appears to have few positive effects on patent applications by entities in the country undertaking …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

This paper explores the characteristics of 238 patents on 94 "inventions" contributed by major multinational innovators … to the "Eco-Patent Commons", which provides royalty-free access to third parties to patented climate change related … innovations. By comparing the pledged patents to other patents in the same technologies or held by the same multinationals, we …

technologies. How will patent protection affect this process? In this paper we first review the evidence on the role of patents for … innovation and international technology transfer in general. The literature suggests that patent protection in a host country … externalities, implies that patent protection may not be the optimal instrument for encouraging innovation in this area, especially …

on patents as an incentive for innovation, the effectiveness of patents for invention disclosure, patent valuation, and … software and business method patents, university patenting, and the growth in patent litigation …Recent research on the economics of patents is surveyed. The topics covered include theoretical and empirical evidence …

The Plant Patent Act of 1930 was the first step towards creating property rights for biological innovation: it … introduced patent rights for asexually-propagated plants. This paper uses data on plant patents and registrations of new … varieties to examine whether the Act encouraged innovation. Nearly half of all plant patents between 1931 and 1970 were for …

Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce …

risks. We find that better appropriability in the sense of more effective patent strength and secrecy has a strong negative …