"), material or other explicit incentives ("laws") and social sanctions or rewards ("norms"). It first examines how honor, stigma … and social norms arise from individuals' behaviors and inferences, and how they interact with material incentives. It then … characterizes optimal incentive-setting in the presence of norms, deriving in particular appropriately modified versions of Pigou …

behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across key features of the home environment - boys do especially … poorly in broken families. In contrast, we find little impact of the early school environment on non-cognitive gaps …

social nudge. Our investigation considers two channels: physical capital in the home and habit formation in the household …

that reconciles prior evidence on how student effort and performance are influenced by this social-identity phenomenon …

welfare, especially when norms are detrimental. A popular theory poses that the pressure to conform to social norms creates … non-conformity themselves, they set it too high, causing the persistence of detrimental norms. We also show that …