what extent was the Chinese foreign exchange market efficient during this period? We estimate silver points for the … costs of the silver trade derived from contemporary accounts, and fare well in the comparison to estimates of trans …, during and immediately after World War I, our estimates of the silver points increased appreciably, foreshadowing the …

-varying probability of a long-run switch to silver, require a different model of speculative attack from the standard approach which … rates were higher than nominal interest rates during the 1870s, and lower than nominal interest rates during the silver … depreciated silver standard. (3) Expected deflation in the 1870s accounts for the apparent weakness of the procyclicality of …

While India is distinctive among developing countries for its fast-growing service sector, sceptics have raised doubts …

, firm-level data from India's organized manufacturing sector to show that market-share reallocations did play an important … role in aggregate productivity gains immediately following the start of India's trade reforms in 1991. However, aggregate … attributed to India's trade liberalization and FDI reforms. Finally, we construct a panel dataset that allows us to track firms …

assemblies in India generated by national policies that cause reservations to be revised and the time lags with which revised …

/capita, shares in world trade and market capitalization attributable both jointly and single to China, India, and Brazil (the three … time. In contrast the North‐China gap falls from 57.2 to 13.1 between 1990 and 2009, and India from 70.4 to 38.1 using … market exchange rates and from 23.4 to 5.5 for China and from 20.7 to 11.4 for India using PPP rates. We calculate the …

) on total factor productivity (TFP) and labor productivity in India. Identification of the effect of EPL follows from a …

The threat posed by smoking to health in India is severe. Already 1 in 5 of all adult male deaths and 1 in 20 of all … adult female deaths at ages 30-69 are due to smoking and India will soon have 1 million smoking deaths a year. Increasing … smoked tobacco in India, are largely untaxed, while cigarettes are taxed at about 40% of retail price, well below the 65 …

India. Between 1995 and 2009, 85 percent of coal-based generation capacity owned by state governments was unbundled from …

To study the effects of the dramatic economic reforms undertaken in India in the early 1990s on inequality, this paper …