a comparative advantage at violence and there is little rule-of-law, then unequal bargaining power can lead women to … entrepreneurship and rule of law that predicts that women will only start businesses when they have both formal legal protection and … industries with more women, but gender differences are ameliorated when women have access to adjudicating institutions, such as …

for women facing more restrictive social norms? We offered two days of business counseling to a random sample of customers … of India's largest women's bank. A random subsample was invited to attend with a friend. The intervention had a … were stronger among women from religious or caste groups with social norms that restrict female mobility …

In an experiment providing fertilizer grants to women rice farmers in Mali, we found that women who received fertilizer …

in-kind grants are large and positive for both males and females, the gain in profits is almost zero for women with … initial profits below the median, suggesting that capital alone is not enough to grow subsistence enterprises owned by women …. Second, for women we strongly reject equality of the cash and in-kind grants; only in-kind grants lead to growth in business …

We study the relation between gender and job performance among brokerage firm equity analysts. Women's representation … in analyst positions drops from 16% in 1995 to 13% in 2005. We find women cover roughly 9 stocks on average compared to … 10 for men. Women's earnings estimates tend to be less accurate. After controlling for forecast characteristics, the …

costs of under-representation of women at the top of the corporate hierarchy …