because the grant crowds out the fund-raising of the charities who, after getting the grant, reduce efforts of fund-raising … (fund-raising crowd out)? This is the first paper to separate these two effects. Using a panel of more than 8,000 charities …, we find that crowding out is significant, at about 72 percent. We find this crowding out is due primarily to reduced fund-raising …

awareness of the empathy-altruism link, rather than pernicious social costs of fundraising …

largely crowd out giving from other sources, but that this reduction is due mostly to reduced fundraising activities of the … from other charities and charitable foundations, and donations gained from special fundraising activities, like galas or …