Information about the success of a new technology is usually held asymmetrically between the research and development …

We develop a model that clarifies the respective advantages and disadvantages of academic and private-sector research … not rely on lack of appropriability or spillovers to generate a rationale for academic research. Instead, we focus on … interests, academia can be indispensable for early-stage research. At the same time, the private sector%u2019s ability to direct …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models. …

This paper considers the U.S. Small Business Innovation research (SBIR) program as a policy fostering academic …

innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to innovation-based strategy with …

frontier. In vertically integrated firms, owners (managers) have to spend time both on production and innovation activities …, and this creates managerial overload, and discourages innovation. Outsourcing of some production activities mitigates the … frontier, the value of innovation increases, encouraging outsourcing. …

We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite …, policy changes and disaggregating by type of owner we find that the effect of institutions on innovation does not appear to …

" machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either … can be achieved with temporary taxation of dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both "carbon … taxes" and research subsidies, so that excessive use of carbon taxes is avoided; (iii) delay in intervention is costly: the …