We provide evidence that the robust association between cognitive skills and economic growth reflects a causal effect … sensitivity analyses of cross-country growth regressions generate remarkably stable results across specifications, time periods …, and country samples. In addressing causality, we find, first, significant growth effects of cognitive skills when …

economic institutions and quantitative measures of tertiary education cannot. Under the growth model estimates and plausible …Existing growth research provides little explanation for the very large differences in long-run growth performance … across OECD countries. We show that cognitive skills can account for growth differences within the OECD, whereas a range of …

expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in … individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both … the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills …

of cross-national growth have done little to clarify the dimensions of relevant human capital or any implications for … have a strong and robust influence on growth. One standard deviation in measured cognitive skills translates into one … percent difference in average annual real growth ratesþan effect much stronger than changes in average years of schooling, the …

Previous work shows that higher levels of education quality (as measured by international student achievement tests …) increases growth rates of national income. This paper begins by confirming those findings in an analysis involving more … by which education quality appears to improve per capita income levels is through shifting the level of the production …

burden. Innovators can compensate in their education by seeking narrower expertise, but narrowing expertise will reduce their … negative implications for growth. I develop a formal model of this "knowledge burden mechanism" and derive six testable …, as can much-debated trends relating productivity growth and patent output to aggregate inventive effort. The knowledge …

growth models estimated across world regions, these low levels of cognitive skills can account for the poor growth … comparable income data. Our growth analysis using these data confirms the significant effects of cognitive skills on intra …

leads innovators to seek more education over time. More generally, the results show that individual innovators are …

aggregate and per-capita GDP, as a case study of recent models of endogenous growth where human capital is the "engine of growth … and tertiary levels. While human capital is viewed as the direct facilitator of growth, the underlying factors driving the …