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Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution
Lindert, Peter H.; Nafziger, Steven - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, relative to other countries, to Russia's earlier history, and to Russia's income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set provides provisional answers. We provide detailed income...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011262790
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Medieval Universities, Legal Institutions, and the Commercial Revolution
Cantoni, Davide; Yuchtman, Noam - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
We present new data documenting medieval Europe's "Commercial Revolution'' using information on the establishment of markets in Germany. We use these data to test whether medieval universities played a causal role in expanding economic activity, examining the foundation of Germany's first...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011227904
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Food for Thought: Comparing Estimates of Food Availability in England and Wales, 1700-1914
Harris, Bernard; Floud, Roderick; Hong, Sok Chul - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
In The Changing Body (Cambridge University Press and NBER, 2011), the authors presented a series of estimates showing the number of calories available for human consumption in England and Wales at various points in time between 1700 and 1909/13. The current paper corrects an error in those...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010821946
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Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany
Voth, Hans-Joachim; Voigtlaender, Nico - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
How persistent are cultural traits? This paper uses data on anti-Semitism in Germany and finds continuity at the local level over more than half a millennium. When the Black Death hit Europe in 1348-50, killing between one third and one half of the population, its cause was unknown. Many...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009652841
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How the West 'Invented' Fertility Restriction
Voth, Hans-Joachim; Voigtländer, Nico - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
Europeans restricted their fertility long before the Demographic Transition. By raising the marriage age of women and ensuring that a substantial proportion remained celibate, the "European Marriage Pattern" (EMP) reduced childbirths by up to one third between the 14th and 18th century. In a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009251511
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An Overview of The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World Since 1700
Fogel, Robert W.; Grotte, Nathaniel - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
This summary of The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700 (Cambridge …) was prepared for presentation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health in March 2011. The book …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008919728
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Property Rights and Parliament in Industrializing Britain
Bogart, Daniel; Richardson, Gary - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
During Britain's industrialization, Parliament operated a forum where rights to land and resources could be reorganized. This venue enabled landholders and communities to exploit economic opportunities that could not be accommodated by the inflexible rights regime inherited from the past. In...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008610965
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Irving Fisher and Price-Level Targeting in Austria: Was Silver the Answer?
Burdekin, Richard C. K.; Weidenmier, Marc; Mitchener, … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
The question of price level versus inflation targeting remains controversial. Disagreement concerns, not so much the desirability of price stability, but rather the means of achieving it. Irving Fisher argued for a commodity dollar standard where the purchasing power of money was fixed by...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009147550
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Mental Health Parity Legislation, Cost-Sharing and Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions
Dave, Dhaval M.; Mukerjee, Swati - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008
state mental health and SA parity legislation on treatment admission flows and cost-sharing. Fixed effects specifications … indicate that mandating comprehensive parity for mental health and SA disorders raises the probability that a treatment … of the 2008 Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in increasing SA treatment admissions and promoting …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004969349
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A Healthy Economy Can Break Your Heart
Ruhm, Christopher - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006
one percentage point reduction in unemployment is predicted to raise AMI mortality by 1.3 percent, with a larger increase … the frail elderly. AMI mortality risk quickly rises when the economy strengthens and increases further if the favorable … health being a durable capital stock that is affected by flows of lifestyle behaviors and environmental conditions whose …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004969350