What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

The achievements in agricultural innovation over the past century have been impressive, supporting large increases in …

While many studies have looked at innovation and adoption of technologies separately, the two processes are linked …

-friendly innovation, we focus on a process innovation, rather than on end-of-the-pipe solutions to pollution. Moreover, while previous … studies emphasize the importance of regulation for inducing innovation, here we find substantial innovation occurring before … innovation. However, while some companies choose to adopt these technologies in response to consumer pressure, not all firms will …

We offer new evidence on indigenous innovation and intellectual returnees by estimating the relationship between … and also promote neighboring firm innovation. We find no tendency for export intensive firms to patent more. Controlling …

literature on environmental innovation and diffusion, with a focus on studies relevant to the development of clean energy …

patents account for a rising share of total patents in the USPTO and EPO. Moreover, some scholars of innovation and …