This paper examines how pharmaceutical firms have responded to changes in intellectual property rights and trade … pharmaceutical firms in the EU with respect to their product portfolios is consistent with attempts to reduce parallel trade. This … may at least partially explain why parallel trade has not yet resulted in significant price convergence across EU …

Recent theoretical work predicts that an important margin of adjustment to deregulation or trade reforms is the … developing country during a period (1989-2003) that spans large-scale trade and other market reforms. We find that in the cross … destruction". We also find no link between declines in tariffs on final goods induced by India's 1991 trade reform and product …

In this article we introduce an empirical framework to analyze how firm performance is affected by increased … marketplace, such as reductions in trade costs (through lowering tariffs and abolishing quotas). Our analytical framework nests … most empirical approaches to estimating the impact of trade and industrial policies on firms active in international …

We measure the impact of a drastic new technology for producing steel - the minimill - on the aggregate productivity of … industry's productivity is linked to this new technology, and operates through two distinct mechanisms. First, minimills … third of the increase in the industry's productivity. Second, increased competition, due to the expansion of minimills …