Cutler, David M.; Stewart, Susan T. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
: smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and unsafe use of motor vehicles, firearms, and poisonous substances. These risk factors … have moved in opposite directions. Reduced smoking, safer driving and cars, and reduced heavy alcohol use have led to … health improvements, which we estimate at 1.82 years of quality-adjusted life. However, these were roughly offset by …