economies in the world. Finally, for Europe we assess the relative importance of cross-border bank spillovers as compared to … domestic bank spillovers. The results suggest, inter alia, that systemic risk in the US is higher than in the euro area, mainly …

Banks are optimally opaque institutions. They produce debt for use as a transaction medium (bank money), which requires … that information about the backing assets - loans - not be revealed, so that bank money does not fluctuate in value …-insensitive assets. For the economy as a whole, firms endogenously separate into bank finance and capital market/stock market finance …

issuance of common stock was negative due to repurchases. We assume that, in the absence of capital requirements, a bank has an … optimal capital structure that depends on its business model. Capital requirements can impose constraints on bank decisions …. If a bank's optimal capital structure also meets regulatory capital requirements with a sufficient buffer, the bank is …

This paper unveils a new resource for macroeconomic research: a long-run dataset covering disaggregated bank credit for …