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The Long-term Effects of Early Lead Exposure: Evidence from a case of Environmental Negligence
Rau, Tomás; Reyes, Loreto; Urzúa, Sergio S. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
This paper estimates the effect of early lead exposure on academic achievement and adult earnings. We analyze longitudinal information from individuals attending primary and secondary schools in the city of Arica (in northern Chile). Between 1984 and 1989, Arica received more than 20,000 tons of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010969226
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Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs
Cockburn, Iain M.; Lanjouw, Jean O.; Schankerman, Mark - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries, using newly constructed data on launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries for the period 1983-2002, and information on the duration and content of patent and price control...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950846
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Counterfeit or Substandard? Assessing Price and Non-Price Signals of Drug Quality
Bate, Roger; Jin, Ginger Zhe; Mathur, Aparna - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
Pharmaceutical products can be of poor quality either because they contain zero correct active ingredient (referred to as "counterfeit") or because they contain a non-zero but incorrect amount of the right active ingredient (referred to as "substandard"). While both types of poor-quality drugs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271366
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Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves
Duflo, Esther; Greenstone, Michael; Hanna, Rema - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
It is conventional wisdom that it is possible to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution, improve health outcomes, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the rural areas of developing countries through the adoption of improved cooking stoves. This belief is largely supported by observational...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271429
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Empowering Women Through Education: Evidence from Sierra Leone
Mocan, Naci H.; Cannonier, Colin - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
We use data from Sierra Leone where a substantial education program provided increased access to education for primary-school age children but did not benefit children who were older. We exploit the variation in access to the program generated by date of birth and the variation in resources...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011227910
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Air Pollution and Infant Mortality: Evidence from the Expansion of Natural Gas Infrastructure
Tekin, Erdal; Cesur, Resul; Ulker, Aydogan - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
fuel on infant mortality in Turkey, using variation across provinces and over time in the intensity of natural gas … rate of infant mortality. Specifically, a one-percentage point increase in natural gas intensity - measured by the rate of … subscriptions to natural gas services - would cause the infant mortality rate to decrease by 3.9 percent, which would translate into …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011159879
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Gender Differences in Preferences, Intra-Household Externalities, and Low Demand for Improved Cookstoves
Miller, Grant; Mobarak, A. Mushfiq - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
This paper examines whether an intra-household externality prevents adoption of a technology with substantial implications for population health and the environment: improved cookstoves. Motivated by a model of intra-household decision-making, the experiment markets stoves to husbands or wives...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950660
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The Economic Impact of Non-Communicable Disease in China and India: Estimates, Projections, and Comparisons
Bloom, David; Cafiero, Elizabeth T.; McGovern, Mark E.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
This paper provides estimates of the economic impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China and India for the period 2012-2030. Our estimates are derived using WHO's EPIC model of economic growth, which focuses on the negative effects of NCDs on labor supply and capital accumulation. We...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950724
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Land Reform and Sex Selection in China
Li, Hongbin; Almond, Douglas; Zhang, Shuang - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
Following the death of Mao in 1976, abandonment of collective farming lifted millions from poverty and heralded sweeping pro-market policies. How did China's excess in male births respond to rural land reform? In newly-available data from over 1,000 counties, a second child following a daughter...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950798
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Envirodevonomics: A Research Agenda for a Young Field
Greenstone, Michael; Jack, B. Kelsey - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
Environmental quality in many developing countries is poor and generates substantial health and productivity costs. However, existing measures of willingness to pay for environmental quality improvements indicate low valuations by affected households. This paper argues that this seeming paradox...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950975