Until the early decades of the 20th century, women spent more than 60% of their prime- age years either pregnant or … nursing. Since then, improved medical knowledge and obstetric practices reduced the time cost associated with women …'s reproductive role. The introduction of infant formula also reduced women's comparative advantage in infant care, by providing an …

Observers have argued about whether highly-educated women are opting out of their careers and for families. If so, it … declines in employment. This paper provides a comprehensive study of recent trends in the fertility of college-graduate women …; and study the period from 1940 to 2006. In contrast to most existing work, we find that college graduate women are indeed …

maternal employment has a positive effect on children's academic performance in all specifications, particularly when women …

Married women's decisions about child-bearing and market work are importantly interrelated. Although there are many … an unanticipated child on married women's labor supply and earnings. We find that the short-run effects of an …

related to child diet and physical activity. We find that employed women spend significantly less time cooking, eating with …