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The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing
Greenstone, Michael; list, john; Syverson, Chad - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
The economic costs of environmental regulations have been widely debated since the U.S. began to restrict pollution emissions more than four decades ago. Using detailed production data from nearly 1.2 million plant observations drawn from the 1972-1993 Annual Survey of Manufactures, we estimate...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951338
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Are All Patent Examiners Equal? The Impact of Examiner Characteristics
Cockburn, Iain M.; Kortum, Samuel; Stern, Scott - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002
Building on insights gained from interviewing administrators and patent examiners at the United States Patent and … Trademark Office (USPTO), we collect and analyze a novel dataset on patent examiners and patent outcomes. This dataset is based … each patent, we identify a USPTO primary examiner, and collect historical statistics derived from their entire patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777515
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The Scope of Open Source Licensing
Lerner, Josh; Tirole, Jean - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002
This paper is an initial exploration of the determinants of open source license choice. It first enumerates the various considerations that should figure into the licensor's choice of contractual terms, in particular highlighting how the decision is shaped not just by the preferences of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005049949
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Industrial Policy and Competition
Harrison, Ann E.; Legros, Patrick; Aghion, Philippe; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
Using a comprehensive dataset of all medium and large enterprises in China between 1998 and 2007, we show that industrial policies allocated to competitive sectors or that foster competition in a sector increase productivity growth. We measure competition using the Lerner Index and include as...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271474
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Why Don't Inventors Patent?
Moser, Petra - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007
patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005580487
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Patent Rights, Product Market Reforms, and Innovation
Howitt, Peter; Aghion, Philippe; Prantl, Susanne - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this … product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … positively to the product market reform in industries of countries where patent rights are strong, not where these are weak. The …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010618282
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Birthing a Nation: The Effect of Fertility Control Access on the 19th Century Demographic Transition
Lahey, Joanna N. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013
During the 19th century, the US birthrate fell by half. While previous economic literature has emphasized demand-side explanations for this decline--that rising land prices and literacy caused a decrease in demand for children--historians and others have emphasized changes in the supply of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951133
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The Incredible Shrinking Portuguese Firm
Braguinsky, Serguey; Branstetter, Lee G.; Regateiro, Andre - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
Using Portugal's extensive matched employer-employee data set, this paper documents an unusual feature of the Portuguese economy. For decades, the entire Portuguese firm size distribution has been shifting to the left. We argue in this paper that Portugal's shrinking firms are linked to the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009203584
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Business Method Patents, Innovation, and Policy
Hall, Bronwyn H - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2003
The trickle of business method patents issued by the United States Patent Office became a flood after the State Street … business method and internet patents briefly and then explores what economists know about the relationship between the patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829219
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The Effect of Court-Ordered Hiring Quotas on the Composition and Quality of Police
McCrary, Justin - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006
Arguably the most aggressive affirmative action program ever implemented in the United States was a series of court-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative action on workforce composition is a 14 percentage...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005775095