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Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace: Evidence from Performance-based Pay Tournaments among Teachers
Lavy, Victor Chaim - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008
paper I examine how individual performance in a real work place is affected by a competitive environment and by its gender … ranking, winning rate and awarded prize did not differ by gender nor between teachers in competition groups with only female … male and female teachers or by the type of competitive environment in terms of gender mix of the participants. As for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778039
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Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports
Stevenson, Betsey - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
Between 1972 and 1978 U.S. high schools rapidly increased their female athletic participation rates--to approximately the same level as their male athletic participation rates--in order to comply with Title IX, a policy change that provides a unique quasi-experiment in female athletic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008614941
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Low Life Expectancy in the United States: Is the Health Care System at Fault?
Preston, Samuel H.; Ho, Jessica Y. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
Life expectancy in the United States fares poorly in international comparisons, primarily because of high mortality rates above age 50. Its low ranking is often blamed on a poor performance by the health care system rather than on behavioral or social factors. This paper presents evidence on the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005033475
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Projecting the Effect of Changes in Smoking and Obesity on Future Life Expectancy in the United States
Preston, Samuel H.; Stokes, Andrew; Mehta, Neil K.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
We project the effects of declining smoking and increasing obesity on mortality in the United States over the period 2010-2040. Data on cohort behavioral histories are integrated into these projections. Future distributions of body mass indices are projected using transition matrices applied to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010571514
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The Impact of No Child Left Behind on Student Achievement
Dee, Thomas; Jacob, Brian - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act compelled states to design school-accountability systems based on annual student assessments. The effect of this Federal legislation on the distribution of student achievement is a highly controversial but centrally important question. This study presents...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008628325
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Effects of Welfare Reform on Educational Acquisition of Young Adult Women
Dave, Dhaval M.; Reichman, Nancy E.; Corman, Hope - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008
Education beyond traditional ages for schooling is an important source of human capital acquisition among adult women. Welfare reform, which began in the early 1990s and culminated in the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996, has promoted work...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005000624
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Is Gaining Access to Selective Elementary Schools Gaining Ground? Evidence From Randomized Lotteries
Cullen, Julie Berry; Jacob, Brian A. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007
In this paper, we examine whether expanded access to sought-after schools can improve academic achievement. The setting we study is the "open enrollment" system in the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). We use lottery data to avoid the critical issue of non-random selection of students into schools....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005085180
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The Effects of Changes in Women's Labor Market Attachment on Redistribution Under the Social Security Benefit Formula
Gustman, Alan L.; Steinmeier, Thomas L.; Tabatabai, Nahid - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
Studies using data from the early 1990s suggested that while the progressive Social Security benefit formula succeeded in redistributing benefits from individuals with high earnings to individuals with low earnings, it was much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009323436
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The White/Black Educational Gap, Stalled Progress, and the Long Term Consequences of the Emergence of Crack Cocaine Markets
evans, william n.; Garthwaite, Craig; Moore, Timothy J. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
We propose the rise of crack cocaine markets as an explanation for the end to the convergence in black-white educational outcomes beginning in the mid-1980s. After constructing a measure to date the arrival of crack markets in cities and states, we show large increases in murder and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010796559
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Women's Education and Family Behavior: Trends in Marriage, Divorce and Fertility
Isen, Adam; Stevenson, Betsey - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
This paper examines how marital and fertility patterns have changed along racial and educational lines for men and women. Historically, women with more education have been the least likely to marry and have children, but this marriage gap has eroded as the returns to marriage have changed....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008634700