providers. With this additional price it is demonstrated that the type of net neutrality regulation (i.e., weak versus strong … negative impact from such regulation on ISP investment. Counter to many claims, it is argued here that ISP competition may not … be a substitute for net neutrality regulation in bringing about these effects …

Prior to the 1990s, most electricity customers in the U.S. were served by regulated, vertically-integrated, monopoly … electricity prices to allow the utility to recover its prudently incurred costs, a process known as cost-of-service regulation …