"The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …

actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad … assets, and/or inject capital affected bank survival and deposit retention. This historical episode is particularly …

macroeconomic and bank regulatory reform. Bank regulatory policy promoted privatization, financial liberalization, and free entry …. Argentina's bank regulatory system now is widely regarded as one of the two or three most successful among emerging market …

greater insider ownership leads to less equity issuances. Several tests are consistent with the view that bank insiders are … between bank equity and lending, the results stress that ownership structure can shape the resilience of banks--and hence the …

, their ownership structures, and national bank regulations. We focus on conflicts between bank managers and owners over risk …, and show that bank risk taking varies positively with the comparative power of shareholders within the corporate … governance structure of each bank. Moreover, we show that the relation between bank risk and capital regulations, deposit …

Standard valuation methods do not lend themselves to bank holding companies. Banks create value through the types of … assets and liabilities they create (e.g., lending and deposit taking relationships). Bank income streams reflect … balance sheet and income statement to bank value. Our approach explains substantial cross-sectional variation in observed …