intergenerational persistence in schooling where parents self-finance children's education because of credit market imperfections … mobility. This paper tests these predictions in India and China using data not subject to coresidency bias. The evidence … rejects the linear conditional expectation function in rural and urban India in favor of a concave relation. Girls in India …

Over the past decade, China's transition rate from lower secondary education to higher secondary education has … academic high school education could be a key bottleneck in further expansion. The way tracking operates between academic and … education are imperative, given increasing demand for a highly skilled labor force and China's fast demographic change as the …

to minorities affect ethnicity choices for children in ethnically mixed marriages. We document that, on average, such … policies increase the propensity of choosing minority status for the children. Meanwhile, responses to the same policies differ …

In the past 40 years, a large number of children have been abandoned by their families or have been abducted in China … majority of the children who are abandoned are girls and a majority of the children who are abducted are boys. We provide …

-term positive and economically meaningful effects on nonhealth outcomes such as education and cognitive skills. These effects are …