the criminal justice system are much larger for Black than for nonBlack males, corresponding to race differences in …

little or no association between exposure to an own-race teacher and student achievement. This paper presents new evidence on …-year assignment to an own-race teacher significantly increased the math and reading achievement of both black and white students by …

permits researchers to match individual students and teachers, to analyze issues relating to how a teacher's race, gender, and … ethnicity, per se, influence students from both the same and different race, gender, and ethnic groups. In contrast to much of … objectively how much their students learn. On balance, we find that teachers' race, gender, and ethnicity, per se, are much more …