studying bank-specific data on lending by domestically- and foreign-owned banks in Argentina and Mexico. We find that foreign …. Overall, these findings suggest that bank health, and not ownership per se, is the critical element in the growth, volatility …, and cyclicality of bank credit. Diversity in ownership appears to contribute to greater stability of credit in times of …

We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory toughness' and their effects on bank lending. The data …, affected bank lending. However, all of the measured effects are small, with 1% or less of loans receiving harsher or easier … classification, about 3% of banks receiving better or worse CAMEL ratings, and bank lending being changed by 1% or less of assets …

since the mid-1930s when banks invented the term loan. Concurrently, bank innovation first involved the invention of credit … analysis and covenant design. Later, bank innovation included the advent of loan sales, increased loan syndications, the … calibrate a model of bank innovation to determine the quantitative contribution of bank innovation to economic growth …