poverty with respect to changes in the mean of the distribution of income, thus analytically linking the poverty measures to … key macroeconomic aggregates. Numerous insights are found in Kakwani's elasticities. However, the literature on poverty … and growth since then has revealed that the impacts of economic growth on poverty, as observed in practice, can be …

poverty were very similar. In 2021 and 2022, however, changes in income and consumption poverty were quite different …--consumption poverty fell less than income poverty in 2021, and then income poverty rose sharply in 2022 while consumption poverty … measures appears to be saving during the pandemic followed by dissaving, even among those near the poverty line. This finding …