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into the United States and Europe, with the coming three decades, which will see sharp reductions in labor-supply growth in … markedly. Europe, in contrast, will face substantial demographically driven migration pressures from across the Mediterranean …
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rates has been widespread in the analyses by economic policymakers both in Europe and in the United States. In this paper we … been raised by the recent policy debates in Europe and the United States: Have ex ante real rates in the United States and … Europe been high during recent years? Has there been a link between U.S. real rates and those in other countries? Can this …
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In many countries holders of patents must pay an annual renewal fee in order to keep their patents in force. This paper uses data on the proportion of patents renewed, and the renewal fees faced by, post World War II cohorts of patents in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany, in conjunction...
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Economic and social historians have traditionally been concerned to measure changes in the income and welfare of populations in the past.Until recently, however, they have not recognized that anthropometric data, such as evidence on the average height achieved by a population at a particular...
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