Between 1800 and 1860, the United States became the preeminent world supplier of cotton as output increased sixty …-fold. Technological changes, including the introduction of improved cotton varieties, contributed significantly to this growth. Measured … output per worker in the cotton sector rose four-fold and large regional differences emerged. By 1840, output per worker in …

(electrical equipment and supplies) and maturing (shoes and textiles) industries, the geographic association between invention and …

-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition had two effects: first, it led …

explore the overall productivity gains associated with these changes in production methods and the specific, causal role of … remarkable gain in labor productivity. We also present OLS and IV estimates of the effects of using inanimate power, such as …. Treating our IV estimates as causal, about one-third of the higher productivity of machine labor is attributed to greater use …

power and the impact of steam power on labor productivity growth in nineteenth century American manufacturing. A key result …, steam powered establishments had higher labor productivity than establishments using hand or animal power, or water power …. We also find that the impact of steam on labor productivity was increasing in establishment size. The diffusion of steam …