We conduct the first empirical test of the knowledge burden hypothesis, one of several theories advanced to explain … increasing team sizes in science. For identification, we exploit the collapse of the USSR as an exogenous shock to the knowledge …

relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping … processes involving: (1) the production of scientific and technological knowledge, (2) the translation of that knowledge into …--that is, the translation of scientific knowledge into working prototypes. Our results show that "clean" energy technologies …

tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through …

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

Innovation is important for firm performance and broader economic growth. But breakthrough innovations necessarily … effect on the rate of breakthrough innovation and the profitability of firms …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable … sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold …. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5 …