We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

different productivity levels choose different ownership structures and supplier locations, i.e., they choose different …

sourcing locations, and leads to non-monotonic responses in third markets to bilateral trade cost changes …