organisational changes and knowledge spillovers. Most recently (in 2006), before the current world crisis, hourly labour productivity …

The effect of financial crises on innovation is an unsettled and important question for economic growth, but one … that local distress caused a sudden and persistent decline in patenting by the largest organizational form of innovation at …. Despite this, we find that innovation during crises can be more resilient than it may appear at first glance. First, there is …

, has emphasized the importance of patents as a primary driver of innovation. Recent improvements in empirical methodology … when patent rights have been too broad or strong, they have actually discouraged innovation. This paper summarizes the …

What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

that pools encourage innovation in pool technologies, albeit at the cost of innovation in substitutes. Empirical evidence … innovations by new firms for a historical pool in the sewing machine industry (1856-1877) to examine effects on innovation …. Contrary to theoretical predictions, this analysis suggests that pools may discourage innovation in pool technologies and shift …