and behaviours. OLS regressions suggest an ambiguous association between alcohol exposure in utero and children's academic … attainment, but there is a strong social gradient in maternal drinking, with mothers in higher socio-economic groups more likely …

education; less educated mothers appear to reinforce differences in non-cognitive skills between their children, while more … to catch-up in non-cognitive skills over time for children of more educated mothers … in life. This paper evaluates the parental response to variation in non-cognitive skills among their children in rural …

provide new evidence on this question, showing that children born to less educated and minority mothers are more likely to be … exposed to pollution in utero and that white, college educated mothers are particularly responsive to changes in environmental … between infants of white college educated mothers and infants of black high school dropout mothers"--National Bureau of …

children live with a never-married mother. Children of never-married mothers are more likely to drop out of high school, repeat …"One-third of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents. A substantial number of black and Hispanic … grades, and have behavioral problems than are children raised in more traditional family structures. But these relationships …