We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

partly imported intermediates (= outsourcing or fragmentation) (ii) increased employment due to higher demand caused by an …

Does the offshoring of production degrade or enhance the innovative capabilities of manufacturing firms? We contribute … products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … evidence of a second-order positive effect of offshoring on the levels of innovation--particularly product innovation--in other …

U.S. manufacturing employment. Our findings suggest that offshoring by multinationals was a key driver of the observed …

-intensive industries? We provide a decomposition of US manufacturing GHG emissions and find no evidence of offshoring either to or from the …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

This paper presents first insights into the role of international outsourcing on the productivity of low …-skilled workers in EU manufacturing. Whereas in the short run international outsourcing exhibits a negative marginal effect on real … structure. The change in the outsourcing intensity since 1993 alone acounts for a long-run increase of about 3.3% in the real …