European unemployment is widely regarded as a problem of excessive real wages. This view as it is usually expressed …

European unemployment has been steadily increasing for the last 15 years and is …equilibrium unemployment. We then confront the theory to both the detailed facts of …insiders and firms, shocks which affect actual unemployment tend also to affect …

The unemployment rate in the euro area appears to contain a significant nonstationary component, suggesting that some … Keynesian model with unemployment, and assess their empirical relevance …

. For these purposes, panel unit root tests are employed to improve power against univariate counterparts. Since cross … section correlation is a distinct feature of the underlying panel data, results are based on various second generation panel …

employs a panel data technique is used. This estimator is suited for integrated annual macroeconomic panel data sets to … explains the concept of panel unit roots and panel cointegration and introduces the underlying empirical approach. Next …

This paper studies the dynamics of unemployment (u) and its natural rate (u*), with u* measured by real-time estimates … for 29 countries from the OECD. We find strong evidence of hysteresis: an innovation in u causes u* to change in the same …

hysteresis embodying the idea that the equilibrium unemployment rate depends on the history of the actual unemployment rate. This …The recent European experience of high persistent unemployment has led to the development of theories of unemployment … paper summarizes two directions of research on hysteresis that appear especially promising. Membership theories are based on …

This paper argues that hysteresis helps explain the long-run behavior of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment … is influenced by the path of actual unemployment, and hence by shifts in aggregate demand. I review past evidence for … hysteresis effects and present new evidence for 20 developed countries. A central finding is that large increases in the natural …

-recession trend, suggesting hysteresis. Second, while inflation has decreased, it has decreased less than anticipated, suggesting a … unemployment on inflation, for given expected inflation, decreased until the early 1990s, but has remained roughly stable since …

The persistence of U.S. unemployment has risen with each of the last three recessions, raising the specter that future … shocks do not systematically lead to more persistent unemployment than monetary policy shocks, so these cannot explain the … rising persistence of unemployment. Second, monetary and fiscal policies can account for only part of the evolving …