relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

, organization, research and innovation, we attempt to explain the rise of corporate research. We argue that it was driven by … companies trying to take advantage of opportunities for innovation made possible by scientific advances and an underdeveloped …

' effects on chemical innovation in the U.S. we compare changes in patenting by U.S. inventors in research fields of émigrés ….S. invention. Inventor-level data indicate that émigrés encouraged innovation by attracting new researchers to their fields, rather …