propose a comprehensive description of how monetary policy affects the euro area economy. We focus mainly on three questions … countries? (2) can the classic' interest rate channel (IRC) alone, without capital market imperfections, explain these facts? (3 …) if not, is the bank lending channel a likely candidate to complete the story? We find plausible euro-area wide monetary …

We revisit recent evidence on how monetary policy affects output and prices in the U.S. and in the euro area. The … output changes. In the euro area investment is the predominant driver of output changes, while in the U.S. consumption shifts …

a free market zone with common external trade policy. We conjecture that the resulting allocation may be partly …

This paper develops the thesis that credit market frictions may be an important contributor to high unemployment in … market imperfections, so unemployment rises and remains high for an extended period. The data show that there has not been … industries is lower than in the U.S.. This suggests that although credit market imperfections are unlikely to have been the major …