The possibility that the euro area might break up was being raised even before the single currency existed. These … scenarios were then lent new life five or six years on, when appreciation of the euro and problems of slow growth in various … unlikely, I argue here, that one or more members of the euro area will leave in the next ten years; total disintegration of the …

Using newly assembled data on foreign exchange market intervention, we construct a daily index of exchange market …

This paper reconsiders the 1992-3 crisis in the European Monetary System in light of its emerging market successors … market crisis as much as they do the moderate effects of the typical industrial-country event of its kind to take place in an …

This paper develops the thesis that credit market frictions may be an important contributor to high unemployment in … market imperfections, so unemployment rises and remains high for an extended period. The data show that there has not been … industries is lower than in the U.S.. This suggests that although credit market imperfections are unlikely to have been the major …