reduces carbon emissions by inducing substitution away from coal. Yet, the natural gas boom discourages innovation directed at …

This paper investigates the effect of (potential) market size on entry of new drugs and pharmaceutical innovation …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

change and innovation has radically changed the living standards of the citizens of the US in the past 150 years. Lying … the presence of post offices in a county, on innovation. We show that between 1804 and 1899, the time when the US became …

. After linking these ideas to the induced innovation literature of the 1960s and the more recent directed technological …

choice between incremental and radical innovation, and on how managers of different ages and human capital are sorted across … consistent with this pattern. Our measures of creative innovations proxy for innovation quality (average number of citations per …

"cutthroat capitalism" that generates greater inequality and more innovation and will become the technology leaders, while others …

We study a dynamic general equilibrium model where innovation takes the form of the introduction new goods, whose … production requires skilled workers. Innovation is followed by a costly process of standardization, whereby these new goods are … substitution between goods and other parameters. Third, we show that the interplay between innovation and standardization may lead …